This English translation is based on an Arabic critical edition compiled by a team scholars at Hamdard University, India, by comparing early copies of original Arabic source materials. Book II of the Canon covers materia medica. For the assignment of English names and Latin Binomials, the team consulted a group of 13 modern floras and other botanical references from the region. In many cases the identification based on their description in the text is not possible. We have added an Index by Latin genus or binomial, or the English common name of substances without binomials.